Bone Marrow Biopsy

A bone marrow biopsy is the removal of soft tissue from inside bone.  Bone marrow grows inside some of the larger bones in the body.  It produces platelets and red and white blood cells. The marrow has normal cells that are the correct types and numbers.  The test is done after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count, or to evaluate whether other diseases are present in the bone marrow. 

The bone marrow biopsy may be done in the health care provider’s office or in a hospital.  The sample is usually taken from the hip bone.  The skin is cleansed, and a local anesthetic is injected to numb the skin.

The biopsy needle is then inserted into the bone.  The core of the needle is removed by rotating the needle or inserting an instrument within the needle.  This forces a tiny sample of the bone marrow into the needle.  The needle is then removed.  Pressure is applied to the biopsy site to stop bleeding and a bandage is applied.

Since the interior of the bone cannot be anesthetized, this test may cause some discomfort.  Not all patients experience these symptoms, however.

Inform the health care provider if you have allergies to any medications, what medications you are taking, and if you have bleeding problems.  The health care provider should also know if you are pregnant.  You must sign a consent form prior to the procedure.